Page 102 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
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BIOECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PLANTS SPECIES OF SALVIA L. GENUS UNDER CONDITIONS
OF THE FOREST‐STEPPE ZONE OF UKRAINE
Olga Korablova , Nataliia Frolova , Nataliia Yushchenko , Dzhamal Rakhmetov , Maria
1
1
2
2
Shanayda , Olga Semenchenko 4
3
1 M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of National Academy of the Sciences of Ukraine,
Kyiv, Ukraine; E-mail.: okorablova@ukr.net
2 National University of Food Technology, Kyiv, Ukraine
3 I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
4 'ESENSIT' LTD, Kyiv, Ukraine
Fresh and dry green mass species of the genus Salvia L. and biologically active
compounds derived from it occupy an important place in the manufacture of modern
medicines and food products. The purpose of the work was to investigate the variability of
bioecological and morphological characteristics of plants and seeds of species S. officinalis L.,
S. verticillata L. and S. patens Cav., and selected perspective forms for creating new varieties.
Experimental work was carried out in the period 2012–2017 under conditions of the
Forest-Steppe in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanic Garden of the National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine. It is established that the most stable data of mass 1000 pcs. of seeds over
the 6 years of storage has S. patens. The most dependent on the conditions of the cultivation
year and the shelf life is the mass of seeds of S. officinalis.
The germination of the seeds S. verticillata in the third year decreases threefold, in the
sixth year – it is practically zero. The germination of the seeds S. patens in the first three years
remains approximately at the same level and then decreases strongly. The germination and
energy of germination of seeds S. officinalis during the first three years of the storage
gradually increases and for two more years remains at a stable high level. The germination
and energy of germination rates decreased in the eighth year to 4 and 1 %, respectively.
Under laboratory conditions, the seeds of the species Salvia begin to germinate within 3–4
days at a temperature of + 30 °C. In the soil, the seeds of the species Salvia germinate within
18–22 days.
Unlike S. verticillata, plants S. officinalis and S. patens in the first year of life do not
blossom. Phenological observations show that in subsequent years, S. verticillata and S. patens
are susceptible to prolonged flowering during the growing season. After cutting above ground
mass the new inflorescence stems grow and the plants begin to blossom again. The plants of S.
verticillata have the largest regenerative capacity. No re-blossom S. officinalis was observed
after the cut.
The greatest productivity of green mass was obtained by plants grown with inter-rows
of 55 cm. This dependence also remained during the second cut, but the yield was 30–40 %
lower than at the first cut. The highest productivity was achieved due to the increase in the
number of shoots per unit area. Morphometric parameters of generative shoots of different
variants differ little from each other. The seed yield was higher in the variant with 45 cm row
spacing.
Thus, when growing plants on green mass, it is necessary to sow from 55 cm between
rows and on seeds – up to 45 cm. Biometric observations allowed us to establish adaptive
possibilities, basic patterns of seasonal growth and development rhythms, characteristic
features of Salvia spp. for breeding. For the first time in Ukraine, two new cultivars of
S. verticillata and S. patens were created – 'Musketeer' and 'Maestro'.
Keywords: Salvia species, seeds, germination, productivity.

|102 4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life
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September 11–13, 2019