Page 97 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
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CORNELIAN CHERRY (CORNUS MAS L.): GENESIS OF UKRAINIAN BREEDING CULTIVARS

Svitlana Klymenko
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,
Ukraine; E-mail.: cornusklymenko@gmail.com
According to different sources, the polymorphic family Cornaceae Bercht. et J. Presl.
includes from 50 to 100 species. Subgenus Cornus L. in this family has a great interest. It has a
fragmented areal in the world and represented by four species: Cornus mas L. (cornelian
cherry) – in the west of the mainland, C. officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. – in Japan, China, and Korea, C.
chinensis Wanger. – in the central region of China and C. sessilis Toor. – in North America.
Cornelian cherry is the culture meeting the standards of the time. According to our researches
the cornelian cherry yields abundant and is a stable crop in culture, and bares large juicy
fruits, while not demanding thorough care, its cultivation is very paying. The main biological
characteristics of the cornelian cherry: there is no periodicity fruiting, the biological
productivity in favorable conditions is 25–100 kg tree depending on age. The duration of the
productive period is 100–150 years. Plants are practically not damaged by pests and diseases.
Cornelian cherry has become an objective of the selection work in the world rather recently.
The systematic work on the formation of the collections, selection have been carried out lately
in Austria, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Poland, Turkey, Slovakia, and Ukraine.
The aim of our investigation to analyze the state, successes, and perspective of
cultivation of cornelian cherry and provide information on breeding work and cornelian
cherry cultivars in Ukraine.
Objectives of research are genetic pool of the cornelian cherry of the M.M. Gryshko
National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine (NBG), which presents a rich variety of biological
and economic properties. It processes about 100 genotypes collected from wild and cultivated
plants in Ukraine and more than forty cultivars of a selection of NBG. The basic methods of
working with cornelian cherry were analytical and synthetic selections. Analytic selection: the
results of spontaneous selection were used for identifying the most perspective cultivars, the
synthetic selection – were created cultivars with specific properties and features. The basic
method of synthetic selection is hybridization. We used also the results of somatic mutations.
The genetic pool of сornelian cherry in Ukraine is formed mainly by the cultivars selected by
the NBG. The fruits of cultivars are bottle-shaped, pear-shaped, oval form; dark-red, cherry-
colored, pink, and yellow.
As a result of breeding work, winter-hardy, highly productive of cornel were created
that are promising for industrial and farming crops in the Forest-Steppe and Polesye, as well
as in the Steppe regions of Ukraine (under irrigation conditions). Industrial plantations are
able to function for many decades. Cornelian cherry has not been included in the State
Register of Cultivars of Ukraine until 1990. The list has been filled up by the work of the NBG.
There are 14 cultivars of сornelian cherry of the selection of NBG officially were registered in
the State Register of Cultivars of Plants of Ukraine. The cultivars of the analytical selection –
Alesha, Grenader, Elena, Kozerog, Lukyanovsky, Mriya Shaidarovoj, Nezhny, Nespodyvanyi,
Nikolka, Original, Priorsky, Pervenetz, Semen, Suliya, Yantarnyi, Ugolek, Vavilovetz,
Vyshgorodskiy; of synthetic selection – Elegantnyi, Koralovyi, Koralovyi Marka, Kostya,
Radost, Starokievskyi, Yevgenia; of the somatic selection – Ekzoticheskyi, Svetlachok, Present.
Keywords: cornelian cherry, selection, gene pool, cultivars, Ukraine.

4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life |97
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September 11–13, 2019