Page 57 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
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CONTRIBUTION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CULTURAL FLORA OF M.M GRYSHKO
NATIONAL BOTANICAL GARDEN OF UKRAINE IN CONSERVATION, ACQUISITION
AND EFFICIENT USE OF NEW PHYTORESOURCES
Dzhamal Rakhmetov, Оlena Vergun, Svitlana Rakhmetova

M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,
Ukraine; E-mail.: jamal_r@bigmir.net

In the context of global climate change, the development of measures aimed at reducing
their negative impact on the biosphere as a whole, and on its individual components, in
particular, is important. It is known that the plant world has a huge potential, but mankind
uses only about 5 % of plant species. Today the issue of creating new crops and plant
varieties, adapted to changing climatic conditions, became relevant. The withdrawal of new
crops will solve such issues as providing humanity with balanced food, technical, energy and
medicines, and livestock – high-quality feeds.
Through a comprehensive study of introduced resources of useful plants in the
Department of Cultural Flora of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG) has been created a rich collection of plants (about 2,5
thousand samples). The department is well-known in Ukraine and abroad, a scientific
subdivision that develops theoretical and applied principles of phyto-introduction and
phytoenergy, preservation, enrichment and effective use of new phytosanitary resources for
improving the quality of life. The important contribution of the department is to establish the
basic rules of optimization of production and metabolic processes in new plants and
accumulation of phytoenergy, valuable substances in highly adaptive producers, introduction
of culture of target plants with exceptional properties (about 60 species), creation of new
crops (about 20), varieties and hybrids (100) and the development of innovative
phytotechnologies (more than 50) that have been introduced, in addition to our state, even in
8 countries of the world. The department has created a unique collection fund of energy and
aromatic plants, which are attributed to the scientific objects that make up the national
heritage of Ukraine.
During the last period, the department received significant scientific results: biological
and morphological, ecological, biochemical and allelopathic features, stages of ontogenesis
and organogenesis, seasonal rhythms of growth and development of plants, depending on the
vegetation conditions, new methods of rational use of introductory resources of little-known
economically valuable crops have been developed and implemented. By various introductive,
biologically-morphological, selection, biochemical, and biotechnological methodsit was
possible to achieve a significant improvement in the introductory process by increasing the
adaptability of economically valuable crops (families Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Malvaceae,
Poaceae). These are mainly representatives of the genus of Miscanthus, Panicum, Silphium,
Malva, Sorghum, Brassica. As a result, a number of forms and plant hybrids have been created
with increased resistance to new environmental conditions, with significantly better
qualitative, quantitative and productive characteristics. New crops were developed, highly
adaptive genotypes were created and new phytotechnologies were assessed regarding the
cultivation and use of raw materials of introduced plants. Due to the introduction of new
useful plants in cultivated phytocoenoses, different from traditional crops with unusual
properties, effective use of soil-climatic, ecological, the economic potential of the region of
implementation has been achieved.

Keywords: new phytoresources, conservation, enrichment, efficient use.

4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life |57
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September 11–13, 2019