Page 54 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
th
OPPORTUNITY FOR CREATING STONE PINES’ ORCHARDS IN UKRAINE PREREQUISITE
FULFILLED
Olga Pokhylchenko , Peter Hotka , Natalia Solomakha , Roman Mandzuk ,
1
2
4
3
Nina Boyko , Tetyana Vakulenko 1
1
1 M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv,
Ukraine; E-mail.: pokhylchenko@yahoo.com
2 Institute of Forest Ecology SAS – Mlyňany Arboretum, Slovak Republic
3 State Enterprise 'Mariupol Forest Research Station', Lisne, Ukraine
4 Halych National Nature Park, Halych, Ukraine
In Ukraine, the climate conditions are fit for growing eighth species of pines with edible
seeds: Pinus albicaulis Engelm., P. armandii Franch., P. cembra L. P. flexilis E. James, P. edulis
Engelm., P. koraiensis S. & Zucc., P. sibirica Du Tour., P. pumila (Pall.) Regel. The plants of stone
pines were observed during the last ten years. Our tasks were taking information about the
success of pollination as well as seeds quality. The method of Rugusov (1996) was used to
determine pollinated ovules. The seeds quality was assessed counting empty and full seeds by
cutting them. The method of Owens (2007) for finding out reasons for ovules lethality after
pollination was applied. Moreover, we have observed visual damages from insects and
diseases.
This article is demonstrating the results from five Ukrainian and one Slovak site. All the
plots are situated in different climate conditions, from Ukraine Steppe with 530 mm
precipitation yearly to Ukrainian Carpathians with 1000 mm.
Mariupol station is the East-most place in Ukraine where we have observed standalone
trees (which are grafted to P. nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) of six species: Pinus
koraiensis, P. armandii, P. sibirica, P. cembra, P. pumila, P. edulis. All these plants are 10–12
years old; they have been cultivated without watering and have been damaged by red pine
sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy). The male cones were produced by Korean and Armand
pines for 4 years’ age. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv) has two plots of P. sibirica that are more than 60 years old. These
trees have been severely damaged by insects from genus Pineus Shimer yearly. Some trees
have had up to 120 cones. The pollinated ovules’ ratio is different each year (from 0 to 40 %).
34 trees of Korean pines (same age as Siberian) are growing in the botanic site 'Far East'. The
part of full seeds was 22.7 and 43.6 % in different years, the part of not pollinated ovules were
40.9–98.1 %. The mixed plantations with P. koraiensis were created in 1983 on an area
3.2 hectares in Halych National Nature Park. The part of full seeds was 87.3 and 95.0 % in
different years, the part of not pollinated ovules were 21–29 %. The geographic plots of stone
pines were created in 1986 in Dendrology Park 'Vysokogirnyi'. Siberian pines aren’t as good
as European one: in these conditions, they have lost part of needles. Korean pines had 93 % of
full seeds, not pollination ovules have contented 23 %, Siberia pines had 79.1–98.8 % not
pollinated ovules, dwarf stone pines had 41.9 %, European pines 63.4–90.6 %. The biggest
plots of Armand pine were observed in 2015 at the Mlyňany Arboretum, which is situated in
the southern part of Slovakia. Five groups of pines and one solitary growing tree are
approximately 5 m high. The ratio of pollinated ovules approximated 50, 70–75 and 90–100
% in different groups.
The success of pollination and seeds production depends on the age and number of
trees. The best result was observed with Korean pines. The Siberian pines’ results are
unexpectedly the worst.
Keywords: stone pines seeds, success of pollination.

|54 4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life
th
September 11–13, 2019