Page 62 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
th
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN THE WORLD AND AZERBAIJAN

Tamraz Tamrazov
Centre of Scientific Research and Statistical Innovations, Baku, Azerbaijan;
E-mail.: tamraz.tamrazov@mail.ru
Organic farming is an alternative to intensive agro-farming based on the broad use of
agro-resources (agro-technical, chemical fertilizers, pesticides). Such agricultural methods are
called 'organic', 'biological' or 'ecologically clean'. In most of the relevant standards, these
concepts are regarded as synonyms. The purpose of the research is to study the various
positive aspects of organic agriculture and to determine that their foundations are based on
fundamental principles.
The objects of organic farming systems rely on methods of biological combating with
maximum crop rotation, plant residues, livestock, beans, green manure, farm organic waste
and pests to maintain soil fertility and seedlings, feed crops, control insects, weeds and other
damaging species. Synthetic (chemical) fertilizers, sewage sludge, irradiation and genetic
engineering methods in organic farming are not permitted (www.usda.gov.us). Codex
Alimentarius prefers an ecosystem approach. Here, organic agriculture is understood as
a complete production management system that promotes and promotes healthy agro-
ecosystems, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activities'. He
emphasizes 'the use of appropriate management practices instead of farms and the
application of local systems to take account of regional differences'
(www.codexalimentarius.org).
According to the results of the study, although there are different definitions that
highlight various positive aspects of organic farming, all are based on the same basic
principles. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Organic Program identifies
organic production by using or restricting methods, such as 'production system', whether it is
important to avoid or avoid the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, regulators and livestock
feed additives to the extent possible. Organic production in Azerbaijan has been started about
10 years ago. According to the data for 2015, the land allocated for the cultivation of organic
plants was 0.8 % of the total agricultural land (Viller et al., 2017). According to Viller and
Lernun's report (2016) and according to the data of 2014, the number of farms was 297 and
the number of workers was 34. In 2016, the total area of organic areas in Azerbaijan was
24.391 ha, of which 23.331 hectares were cultivated, 937 hectares of wild fruits, nuts, berries,
as well as for medicinal and aromatic plants, and 123 hectares – forests organized. Although
organic grains are grown in organic areas, organic fruits are more common in total
production. During the transitional period, fruit gardens will also contribute to the further
development of Azerbaijan. The only animal breeding product produced in Azerbaijan is that
according to the data for 2014, 932 bee breeds were registered in the country. The volume of
land approved as organic in 2014–2015 increased by 14.299 hectares.
On the other hand, the transition from small to resource-oriented agriculture to organic
agriculture can help farmers to fight pests and increase soil fertility. The transition to massive
and successful, the only problem is that the sales prices of farmers can be reduced as the
volume of organic products entering the market is high.

Keywords: organic farming, organic production, chemical fertilizers, soil fertility, biological cycles.

|62 4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life
th
September 11–13, 2019