Page 38 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
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HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF ORCHARDS IN THE LONG‐STANDING ESTATES OF
KHARKIV REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KRASNOKUTSKY PARK)
Alla Hryhorenko

State Ecology Academy of Postgraduate Education and Management,
Kyiv, Ukraine; E-mail: alla_gr@ukr.net
'Osnovyansky acclimatization garden of Karazin' played an important role in the center
of the introduction of tree plants in the territory of Left-Bank Ukraine. Today it is
Krasnokutsky Park, a monument of landscape art of national importance. During the existence
of which 56 species of tree plants, among them – and the fruit was first introduced into the
Left Bank Forest-Steppe.
The purpose of the work is to study the composition of the park's dendroflora, including
the first-introduced fruit trees and shrubs in Ukraine.
The object of study is the denroflora of Krasnokutsky Park, located in the Kharkiv
region. Its area is 13.6 hectares. It was founded in 1809 by Ivan Nazarovich Karazin (1780–
1836), the well-known botanist.
The composition of the species and cultivars of the park was established by the method
of route surveys. Plant names are listed on The Plant List.
Ivan Nazarovich Karazin, traveling around Europe, America, studied the experience of
introduction and gardening, sought to enrich the flora of Ukraine with new valuable,
ornamental and fruit trees. According to the data of 1833, he collected a collection of 202
species, varieties of trees and shrubs. In addition, a collective orchard, in which there were
about 200 varieties of apples, more than 200 cultivars of pears, 100 cultivars of plums, 70 –
cherries, 20 – grapes were created. Father's work was subsequently continued by his son,
Ivan Ivanovich Karazin (1834–1903). At the time of I. I. Karazin, the number of species and
cultivars of ornamental woody plants reached 540 in 1899, and the number of fruit varieties
almost doubled, as compared with 1833. In the records led by I. I. Karazin, 400 cultivars of
apple trees, 360 cultivars of pears, 110 cultivars of plums, 65 cultivars of cherries and
cherries, 18 cultivars of apricot, five cultivars of peaches were registered. Thanks to the hard
and long work of Karazins, the flora of Ukraine was enriched with ornamental and fruit trees.
In the park, centuries-old trees are preserved. Among the centuries-old preserved and
plants with fruits and nuts, which are used in foods, it is Cornus mas L. (Karazinsky), Corylus
colurna L., Prunus padus L., fruits and flowers of some species are used in medicine. For the
first time in Ukraine, the Karazins introduced four species of Crataegus Tourn. ex L. (C. crus‐
galli L., C. flava Sol., C. orientalis Pall. ex M. Bi., C. viridis L.), Morus nigra L., Cornus mas, Ziziphus
jujuba Mill.
Generally, in the park representatives with the fruits used for food of the following
genera: Amelanchier Medik., Aronia Medik., Chaenomeles Lindl., Crataegus Tourn. ex L., Corylus
L., Hippophae L., Lonicera L., Morus L., Prinsepia Royle, Ribes L., Rubus L., Viburnum L., et al.
were grown.
Thanks to these scientists and gardeners, the horticultural culture was encouraged, new
species and varieties of ornamental and fruit plants, many of which are still relevant and loved
today, have been distributed.

Keywords: Krasnokutsky park, introduction, fruit crops.
Acknowledgments
Studies were conducted in 1997 (Yu.O. Klymenko), 2016 and 2018 (A.V. Hryhorenko and
Yu.O. Klymenko).

|38 4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life
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September 11–13, 2019