Page 175 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
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COLLECTION OF THE GENUS CORYLUS L. IN THE DONETSK BOTANICAL GARDEN

Lyudmila Kharkhota, Elena Vinogradova
Donetsk Botanical Garden, Donetsk, Ukraine; E-mail: ludmilaharhota@yandex.ru

Caryocarpous trees are deserving of valuable and ornamental crops. The dendroflora of
the Donetsk region with moderately continental dry climate of south steppe and high
anthropogenic environmental pressure includes the only nut-bearing shrub species Corylus
avellana L. confined to ravine oakeries.
We aimed at studying the up-to-date condition of the collection of the genus Corylus L.
from the Donetsk Botanical Garden (DBG) and evaluation of growth prospects of hazelnut
species, varieties, and cultivars in the region.
According to the plant number, the most representative species in the DBG’s collection is
C. colurna L. – the only tree hazel occurring in the territory of the former USSR and listed in
the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The total of 500 trees aged 40–45-years (up to 12 m
high, trunk diameter up to 50 cm) successfully grow and annually fruits in DBG. The collection
also includes decorative varieties of C. avellana: C. a. f. atropurpurea Petz. & G.Kirchn., C. a. f.
urticifolia (DC.) C.K. Schneid. and C. a. ‘Contorta’. Corylus avellana f. atropurpurea annually
fruits abundantly: the average kernel weight is 0.55±0.05 g, kernel yield is 47 %, hardly
separable from the shell. C. a. ‘Contorta’ yields single nuts; in C. a. f. urticifolia fruits are absent.
The collection of hazelnut cultivars formed in 1997–2001 with planting material
obtained from dendrological parks and forestries of Ukraine (Donetsk, Kirovograd and
Kharkiv region). Over the years, 37 cultivars and hazelnut hybrids were introduced for trial.
Today the collection includes 18 cultivars and hybrids. The layout of a plot is 4×3 m, each
cultivar represented by 3–4 plants. The main reasons for loss of many cultivars are drought
and insufficient agrotechnical tending in the first years.
In the region, the varieties from the present collection complete annual cycle of
development. The growing season begins at the end of the first decade of March – at the
beginning of the second decade of March, flowering is in the third decade of March. The
vegetation period is 207 to 215 days. Earlier ripening of nuts was observed in cultivars
Bashmachok and Serebristy (ІІІ decade of August), the latest was noted for cultivars Bomba
and Sochi hybrid (beginning from ІІ decade of September). The fruit weight and yield vary
from year to year in the same cultivars. The most stable fruiting was observed in the cultivars
Bashmachok, Bomba, Serebristy, Dokhodny, Urozhainy. The largest fruits are in the cultivar
Louise (the fruit weight is 3.58±0.11 g, kernel yield is 39 %). The highest kernel yield (53 %)
is registered for the cultivar Bashmachok (kernel weight 0.85±0.03 g), from 44 to 47% in the
cultivars Serebristy (1.26±0.07 g), Sochi hybrid (1.00±0.02 g), Urozhainy (1.00±0.05 g),
Funduk B-5 (1.00±0.05 g), Bomba (1.02±0.05 g), Borovskoy (0.99±0.13 g), Klinovidny
(0.97±0.09 g).
The developmental cycle of hazelnut cultivars trialed in the DBG is complete and their
cultivation under regional conditions is recommended. The most promising cultivars are
Bashmachok, Serebristy, Bomba, Louise, Dokhodny, Sochi hybrid with large highly decorative
nuts and stable fruit bearing. The species of C. colurna and ornamental varieties of C. аvellana
are widely applicable in landscaping.

Keywords: hazelnut, Corylus, Botanical Garden, cultivars, collection.

4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life |175
th
September 11–13, 2019