Page 178 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
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MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF LEAVES OF CYPRIPEDIOIDEAE

Iryna Krasnenkova, Roman Ivannikov
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, Kyiv, Ukraine; E-mail.: krasnienkova.iryna@gmail.com
The subfamily Cypripedioideae consists of five genera: Selenipedium, Phragmipedium,
Mexipedium, Paphiopedilum, and Cypripedium (Cribb, 1997, 1998). However, all species
Paphiopedilum, Cypripedium, Phragmipedilum are listed in Appendix 1 of the CITES.
Knowledge of their adaptive strategies is essential for their conservation. In the present study,
we investigated the leaf anatomical structures and related leaf physiological functions of
Paphiopedilum, Cypripedium, Phragmipedilum.
Cypripedium, consisting of 50 species, is widely distributed in temperate and
subtropical zones of America, Europe, and Asia. About 32 species are found in China, with
most growing in the shade of forest at altitudes above 1,800 m in southwest China (Cribb,
1997; Chen et al., 2005). In contrast to Paphiopedilum, the soil layer in areas where
Cypripedium grows is usually contains more nutrients and can store abundant water during
the growing season. Most Phragmipedium species are either terrestrial, epiphytic or
lithophytic orchids.
Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedilum species were cultivated in a greenhouse. The
growing conditions of Paphiopedilum were an air temperature of 22–25 C in the day and
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approximately 13 C at night. The leaves Cypripedium calceolus L. were taken from plants in
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the natural environment. The study used the following types: Paphiopedilum bellatulum
(Rchb.f.) Stein, Cypripedium calceolus L., Phragmipedium lindenii (Lindl.) Dressler & N.H.
Williams.
Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedilum is an evergreen plant. Adaxial epidermis cells of
Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedium leaves always had a much larger volume than abaxial
cells, but this was not the case in Cypripedium. In some species of Paphiopedilum and
Phragmipedilum, the mesophyll cells were distinctly arranged into palisade and spongy
mesophyll layers, but there was no differentiation in Cypripedium leaves. Both sides of the leaf
were heavily cuticularised in Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedilum. Unlike Paphiopedilum
leaves, cuticles were not obvious on the surface of Cypripedium leaves. The leaves
Cypripedium had a large number of glandular trichomes that had not been observed for the
Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedlum. Stomata were only found on the leaf abaxial surface in
Paphiopedilum, Phragmipedilum, and Cypripedium. The stoma shape was elliptical for all three
genera. The guard cell walls of Paphiopedilum were heavily cuticularised. The highest density
of stomata has been noted for Phragmipedilum. Stomata on the leaves of Paphiopedilum and
Phragmipedilum are deepened into a leaf epidermis. In Cypripedium, stomata protrude above
the surface of the epidermis. In the course of anatomical studies, we recorded chloroplasts in
cells of Cypripedium and Phragmipedilum switches. Paphiopedilum had no guard cell
chloroplasts.
Consequently, Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedium have a set of adaptations to the
conditions of the arid environment. Cypripedium adapts to a medium with enough water and
nutrients as evidenced by the anatomical structure of the leaf.
Keywords: Paphiopedilum, Phragmipedium anatomy, morphology, stomata
Acknowledgments
The experiments of the study were accomplished on the basis of the sterile tissue cultures collection of
the Tropic and subtopic plants apartment of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden that from
1999 has a status of National Heritage of Ukraine and is supported by the definite state program.

|178 4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life
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September 11–13, 2019