Page 171 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
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SPECIFICS OF THE ASSIMILATION SURFACE OF COLUMNAR APPLE‐TREE

Oleksandr Havryliuk, Tetiana Kondratenko
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine;
E-mail.: oleksandr.havryljk@gmail.com
Given that the productivity of garden agrocenosis, its yield is determined by the
intensity and productivity of photosynthesis, which depend on the anatomical structure of
leaves and their phytosanitary status, as well as the number of leaves on the plant,
environmental factors, the study of the listed properties in the columnar apple trees is
relevant.
The aim of this study is to determine the anatomical structure and clean productivity of
photosynthesis (CPP) of leaves, the optimal area of assimilation surface required for the
annual and generous fruiting of columnar apples.
The research had been conducting during 2017–2018 in the Kyiv region. The net
productivity of photosynthesis was determined by V. Koshelev’s method; the anatomical
structure of leaves – according to V. Khrzhanovsky, indicators of photosynthetic activity –
according to O. Ovsyannikov and R. Kudryavets. Seven columnar cultivars in plantings of
primary varietal apple were the objects of research.
In the leaves of all the examined cultivars, three layers of palisade tissue observed, the
thickness of which is different in grades. Thus, according to control (Bolero) the Favorite,
Tantsivnytsia, President sorts it was significantly less, while the biggest has been present in
Bilosnizhka leaves (124.1 microns). The ratio of palisade tissue to spongy was 1.13–1.24.
The total leaf area in the trees of the studied cultivars was 0.45–3.3 m /tree. The
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formation of the fruit weighing 100 grams in the cultivar Bilosnizhka provides the largest area
of leaf surface – 795.12 cm . Below, relative to control, this indicator is in the cultivars of
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Tantsivnytsia, Valiuta, and President. Trees’ cultivars of Tantsivnytsia forming 100 grams of
fruit provides 75.63 cm of leaves, that corresponds to 5.6 leaves. While in Valiuta and
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President cultivars, the growth and development of one fruit on average occurs in the
presence of 17 leaves.
The highest clean productivity of photosynthesis level of leaves was observed in the
plants of Valiuta, Bilosnizhka, and Favorite cultivars – 9.1–13.9 g/m per day. In the Bolero,
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Sparta and Tantsivnytsia cultivars, the rate of dry matter accumulation is slightly lower (8.3–
8.7 g/m ). The foliage of complex fruit formations of the trees of the studied cultivars varied
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depending on the age of the trunk area. Thus, in apple trees of Tantsivnytsia cultivar, the
largest area of leaves was 15year-old fruit formations, while Sparta cultivar has 19-year-old.
On the President cultivar trees the uniform foliation of fruits on 4-10-year sections of a trunk
has noted (1546.4–1585.9 cm ).
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According to the results of the study, the varietal difference of the parameters of
assimilation surface and the main parameters of its photosynthetic activity were revealed.
The comprehensive assessment of the morphophysiological components has made it possible
to establish that the studied cultivars differ in the potential productivity and efficiency of its
realization in the economic harvest.

Keywords: columnar apple, cultivar, anatomical structure of leaves, leaf area, clean productivity of
photosynthesis.

4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life |171
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September 11–13, 2019