Page 176 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
th
DEVELOPMENT OF WAYS TO INCREASE THE CONTENT OF FLAVONOIDS OF DANDELION
EXTRACT
Lyudmila Kosogolova, Kateryna Yablonska

National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine; E-mail.: kbtnau@ukr.net
Particular attention is paid to plants with the centuries-old use in folk medicine,
including dandelion (Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg) – a perennial herb of the
Aster family (Asteraceae Bercht. & J.Presl). Dandelion is rich in vitamins A, B2, C, E, PP, resin,
bitter glycoside taraxacerin, manganese, iron, calcium, phosphorus, and proteins. Also, it was
found that they contain a large number of biologically active substances, such as carotenoids,
choline, nicotinic acid, saponins, thiamine, flavonoids, terpene alcohols, as well as trace
minerals. In dandelion flowers, 45 biologically active substances were identified, including
amino acids, flavonoids, sugars, tocopherols, sterols, and coumarin. Flavonoids have
antioedematous, antispasmodic, antihistamine, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, diuretic,
radioprotective, and antitumor properties. The purpose of the work was the extraction of
flavonoids from a dandelion. Dandelion plant raw material was harvested in spring during the
period of mass flowering; it is known that during this period most of the biologically active
substances accumulate in the flowers. To extract biologically active substances from plant raw
materials, various types of electromagnetic irradiation were used. The first stage was
extraction from the aerial parts of dandelion (flowers). It is known that the extraction process
of plant raw materials is influenced by a number of factors that must be taken into account
when selecting extraction conditions: the degree of grinding, the difference in concentrations,
extraction time, the temperature of the extractant, and nature of the extractant.
The choice of the extractant depends on the hydrophilicity of biologically active
substances (BAS) found in the dandelion flowers. Most of the biologically active substances of
dandelion flowers are hydrophilic, so it is advisable to use water as an extractant. This will
provide a sufficient yield of nutrients, and therefore the extraction was carried out using
distilled water at a temperature of 20±2 °C for 30 minutes, choosing the ratio of plant raw
materials to extractant (distilled water) of 1:20 and the degree of grinding no more than 2
mm. Such ratio ensures the optimum yield of biologically active substances (BAS) from plant
raw materials. For greater extraction of biologically active substances from plant raw
materials, dandelions were exposed to electromagnetic irradiation. The extraction of
flavonoids from dandelion flowers was carried out as follows: 1 g of crushed raw material (the
degree of grinding 2 mm) was placed in a 25 ml test tube, 20 ml of distilled water was added
to each one, the extracts were kept at a temperature of 20 °C for 30 minutes and then
irradiated. Dandelion flower extract was irradiated under standard conditions by using
electromagnetic irradiation at an extremely high frequency (EHF) (57–68 GHz) and
ultrasound (800–860 kHz) for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 minutes. Control samples were kept under the
same conditions without irradiation. The determination of flavonoids was carried out
according to standard methods. Having analyzed the data, it was concluded that the most
effective was ultrasound irradiation for 15 minutes.
According to the data, the control sample contained 0.0207 % flavonoids. It was established
that when processing extracts using ultrasound for 15 minutes the amount of flavonoids was
0.0277 %, which is 2 times more than in the control samples. It was established that irradiation of
extracts at an extremely high frequency allows to remove 2 times more flavonoids.
Keywords: dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), biologically active substances, flavonoids,
electromagnetic irradiation.

|176 4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life
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September 11–13, 2019