Page 73 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
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COLLECTION OF OLD CULTIVARS OF APPLE TREES IN THE DENDROLOGICAL PARK
'OLEXANDRIA' OF THE NAS OF UKRAINE
Nataliia Boiko, Nataliia Doiko

The Dendrological Park «Оlexandria» of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Bila Tserkva, Ukraine; E-mail.: index_bc@ukr.net
Among the collections of fruit and berry cultures, a collection of ancient cultivars of
apple trees is important, which as of 2018 includes 143 trees of 61 cultivars of breeding in 13
countries.
The purpose: one of the main parts of scientific work of Dendrological Park
'Olexandria' of the NAS of Ukraine is preservation and restoration of historical park
complexes and plantations, including Fruit Gardens.
The purpose of our work is to preserve the gene pool of the cultivars of the genus
Malus Mill. further distribution and use in the national economy and ornamental horticulture.
The object of research was a collection of old cultivars collected in the Dendrological Park
'Olexandria'. The archival, iconographic and descriptive methods were used in our work. The
'Mur' garden was created in the early nineteenth century. The area of the garden is 3.67
hectares. After 1917, fruit trees were gradually removed.
The program for the restoration of the orchard started in 2008, the main direction of
which was the creation of a collection of old cultivars of fruit crops. In 2009, on the territory of
the 'Mur' garden, the area of 0.3 hectares was laid in a collection plot of historical cultivars,
which belong to the selection of the 16 – the first half of the 20 century. The project of
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renovation works on the landscape area 'Mur' garden was executed according to archival
materials of 1858.
The creations of a collection of ancient cultivars for 2008–2013, 61 cultivars were
involved in the number of 143 trees grafted on a semi-cartilage substrate of 54–118 cm. The
oldest apple cultivar in our collection is Rambur, which was first described in 1535. An
honorable place in the collection is occupied by historic cultivars of apple trees from the
collection of L.P. Symyrenko and L.M Tolstoy. In order to increase the collection of historical
cultivars, two expeditionary studies were carried out in 2009–2010, as a result, the collection
increased with 25 cultivars of apple trees.
The largest variety is represented by cultivars of Ukrainian (15) and Russian breeding
(11), German breeding is represented by 6 cultivars, English – 6, French – 4, American – 3,
Canadian – 2, Dutch, Czech, Estonian, Lithuanian, Hungarian and Belgian breeds are
represented by 1 cultivare. 10 cultivars are unknown. By the time of ripening of fruits, autumn
cultivars are (46), summer (11), winter (6).
As seen in a well-known example of European landscape gardening – Dendrological Park
'Оlexandria' of the NAS of Ukraine, experience, and prospects of renovation work are shown
on the historical area of the Fruit Garden 'Mur'. Among the collections of fruit and berry
cultures, a collection of ancient cultivars of apple trees is important, which as of 2018 includes
143 trees of 61 cultivars of breeding in 13 countries.
Keywords: Dendrological Park 'Оlexandria', Malus Mill., apple tree, old cultivars.

4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life |73
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September 11–13, 2019