Page 160 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
th
INFLUENCE OF PHOTOPERIODIC INDUCTION ON THE CONTENT OF PROTEIN IN
SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.) GRAIN
Hayder Al Hamadeni, Vasyl Zhmurko

V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine;
E-mai.l: agroch1984@hotmail.com
Soybean is one of the most valuable foods, feed and industrial crops in the world and in
Ukraine. Its value is determined by the high content of protein in the grain, oil, complex of
biologically active compounds and trace elements.
Soybean cultural in its biological properties refers to the heat-loving short-day plants,
which hinders its cultivation in regions with an insufficient amount of effective temperatures
and a photoperiod of more than 16–17 hours in the daily cycle. In such regions, the majority
of high-yielding soybean varieties retard development, late bloom and ripen, which leads to a
decrease in productivity and grain quality. In this regard, it is necessary to study the
dependence of the formation of grain quality on environmental factors and, in particular, on
the duration of the photoperiod.
The aim of our work was to determine the effect of the photoperiod on the protein
content in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars with different photoperiodic sensitivity.
The soybean cultivars of Ukrainian selection – Annushka, Yatran, Ustya, and Khadzhibey were
used as model plants. In preliminary experience by us, it is shown that in the conditions of a
natural long day (16 hours) and short day (9 hours) three first varieties began to blossom and
ripened simultaneously, and Khadzhiebej's grade on a short day began to blossom and
ripened for 10–15 days before on a long day. Consequently, the Annushka, Yatran and Ustya
cultivars are photo periodically neutral, and the Khadzhibey variety is a short day. The
experiments were carried out in field conditions at the experimental site of the Department of
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry at V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Sowing was
carried out the optimal time for the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine – in the second or third
decade of May. Until the third true leaf, the plants grew under a natural long day (16 hours at
the latitude of Kharkiv – 50 degrees east latitude). In this phase, half of the plants of each
cultivar were exposed to a short day (9 hours). For this, the plants were dimmed with opaque
cabins from 5 p.m. to 9 a.m. This effect continued for 14 days. Then all the plants were grown
on a natural long day until the end of the growing season. After ripening, the Kjeldahl total
nitrogen content was determined in the soybean grain. The protein content was calculated
using a ratio of 6.25.
The obtained data showed that under the influence of photoperiodic induction by a
short photoperiod in the soybean cultivars Annushka and Yatran the protein content
decreased by an average of 1 % compared to the content on a long day. In the Ustya and
Khadzhibey grains, the protein content under the influence of a short day increased on
average by 0.9–1.0 %. It is likely that the accumulation of protein in soybean grain depends on
the genotype of the cultivar and photoperiodic vegetation conditions.
Keywords: Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), protein, photoperiod.

|160 4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life
th
September 11–13, 2019