Page 159 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
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CARYA ILLINOINENSIS WANGH. IN FOREST‐STEPPE OF UKRAINE: INTRODUCTION AND
PROSPECTS OF USE

Oleksandra Aboimova, Yuriy Klymenko, Volodymyr Levon

M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv,
Ukraine; E-mail.: aboimovaaleksandra@gmail.com

Carya illinoinensis Wangh. (sin. Carya pecan (Marshall) Engl. et Graebn.) – fast-growing
deciduous tree, belongs to the family of nut (Juglandaceae). Natural area – North America,
where it grows in deciduous forests of temperate climate, is widespread in the culture of the
United States and successfully grown on other continents as fruit and ornamental plant.
C. illinoinensis at home reaches 60 m height. The trunk of the tree – straight, can reach a
diameter of 2 m, with a highly raised rounded crown. Leaves – complex pinnate, with broad-
lanceolate, dark green, shiny, serrated at the edges of the leaves. The leaves are large, length
up to 30–50 cm. Color of leaves at the spring period light green, at summer period bright
green, at autumn period orange-yellow with a whole range of shades.
The aim of the research was to sum up the results of the introduction of C. illinoinensis in
the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, to determine the prospects of this species.
In the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (Kyiv, Ukraine) the exposition of the nut
trees was formed since 1950. Observations of C. illinoinensis have been conducted since the
1960s, when it was introduced there. The collection grows three pecan trees with a flat trunk
and a high-pitched spreading crown. Their height is 20, 18 and 21 meters; trunk diameter at
the level of 1.3 m from the ground surface is 60, 75 and 74 cm, respectively.
The opening of vegetative buds of the pecan comes 15.04±1.5, floral – 25.04±1.0.
Flowering lasts until the third decade of May. The beginning of the growth of sprouts
coincides with the date of flowering leaves (15.04±1.5). Fruiting of trees is annual. Ripening
occurs in the third decade of September (23.09±2.8) and lasts until the third decade of
October (28.10±1.4). In some years, the timing of fruiting, the quality of the fruit in the same
instances are very different. Thus, in 2017, the fruiting of the studied pecan specimens
occurred in the middle of the first decade of October (5.10±3.5) and lasted until the first
decade of December (3.12±2.8). In 2017, 30 % of the performed fruits were noted, and in
2018 – 85 %. Fruit weight in 2017–2018 varied from 2.0 to 6.1 g, respectively; coefficient of
variation was 71.6 %. The thickness of the shell in these years was 0.8 to 1.3 mm; the
coefficient of variation was 33.3 %. The autumn color of leaves is observed at the end of the
first decade of September (27.09±7.4). The beginning of leaf fall was noted at the end of the
first decade of October (08.10±2.8), which lasts one month.
Thus, the duration of the phenological phases of pecan differs by year and lasts from 198
to 208 days (average 203±7.1), which coincides with the vegetation period of the Forest-
Steppe of Ukraine. The heterogeneity of the quality indicators of C. illinoinensis fruits in
different years may indicate its insufficient acclimatization in the region of introduction.
Attracting more shaped and varietal composition of pecans in the Forest-Steppe of
Ukraine will enable the selection of stable specimens to the conditions of introduction and
widespread use of this economically valuable species of the genus Carya in Ukraine.

Keywords: Carya illinoinensis, introduction, Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life |159
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September 11–13, 2019