Page 23 - Zbornik_Konf_2019

https://doi.org/10.15414/2019.9788055220703

4 International Scientific Conference Abstracts Book
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CHARACTERISTIC OF NEW SESAMUM INDICUM L. CULTIVARS IN THE CONDITIONS OF
PRIDNESTROVIE

Nina Chavdar , Alexander Rushchuk
2,3
1,3

1 Republican Botanical Garden, Tiraspol, Pridnestrovie; E-mail.: chavdar1957@mail.ru
2 Republican Research Institute of Ecology and Natural Resources, Bendery, Pridnestrovie
3 Pridnestrovian State University Named After T.G. Shevchenko, Tiraspol, Pridnestrovie

Sesamum indicum L. takes a first place among oil plants on the content of semidrying oil
in seeds (48.0–63.0 %). Besides, seeds contain proteins – 16–19 %, soluble carbohydrates –
16–17 %, major mineral elements (mg/%): (Si – 351, Ca – 783–1474, Mg – 351, P – 453–694,
K – 468–497) that makes respectively to (% of a day norm/person) 663, 113, 88, 68, 19. 23
micro and ultramicroelements and also 14 vitamins revealed in Sesamum indicum seeds.
Climate aridization and use of Sesamum indicum seeds in food industry causes a relevance of
carrying out a selection work to create a high-yielding cultivars adapted for growing in
Pridnestrovie region. Sesamum indicum is an introduced plant species for Pridnestrovie
region conditions. The considerable climatic conditions difference in Pridnestrovie, center of
origin and traditional areas of Sesamum indicum cultivation, caused the choice of mutagenesis
as a method of cultivars selection.
The goal of research – to create Sesamum indicum cultivars with valuable signs, adapted
for cultivation in the conditions of Pridnestrovie.
Research problems – to receive mutant forms of Sesamum indicum, to estimate selection
material on a complex of valuable signs, to allocate the most perspective forms, created as
a result of individual selection from mutant plants population.
A white seeds coloring collection sample of Sesamum indicum from the Republican
Botanical Garden (Tiraspol) was used as an initial material, belonging to ssp. bicarpellatum
Hilt. Mutant material was received by dry seeds Co irradiation in 2012. The cultivars crops
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scheme in the competitive test nursery 90х20 cm, plot area – 3.6 m , triple replication.
2
Valuable signs accounting was carried out in the experience. Productivity data were processed
by the dispersive analysis method.
Two cultivars of Sesamum indicum – Mulatka and Lebed, adapted for cultivation in the
Pridnestrovie region conditions were created, using a physical mutagenesis method. Patents
were taken out on them in 2018. Test of new cultivars in 2017 and 2018 showed a reliable
excess on productivity in comparison with an initial sample. Productivity of Mulatka cultivar
was 21.1 c/ha, Lebed – 24.5 c/ha, a control sample – 8.3 c/ha in 2017. Both cultivars are
reliable exceed control in productivity at least significant difference (P≤ 0.05) of 2.6 c/ha.
Besides, cultivar Lebed reliable more fruitful, than cultivar Mulatka. The productivity of
studied samples was lower in 2018, but the similar regularity was observed. Productivity of
cultivar Mulatka was 16.8 c/ha, Lebed – 21.4 c/ha, a control sample – 6.9 c/ha. Both cultivars
Mulatka and Lebed are reliable more fruitful in comparison with a control sample at least
significant difference (P≤ 0.05) of 2.97 c/ha and also cultivar Lebed is more fruitful in
comparison with cultivar Mulatka.
The results demonstrate a considerably exceeding productivity of Sesamum indicum
cultivars Mulatka and Lebed in comparison with control and their adaptation for cultivation in
the conditions of Pridnestrovie.

Keywords: Sesamum indicum L., introduction, cultivars, physical mutagenesis, productivity.

4 International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity Nutrition, Health and Quality of Human and Bees Life |23
th
September 11–13, 2019